Tran 6 proposed to use two collimated 2 x 2 nai detectors. Using pymgeo to create geometry for mcnp input files by elizabeth skiba this document assumes a basic knowledge of objectoriented programming and a familiarity with pymgeo. Sodium iodide, acs safety data sheet according to federal register vol. Dna extraction ezkit sodium iodide method ivy fine chemicals corporation, catalog no. Thalliumdoped sodium iodide produces one of the highest signals in a pmt per amount of radiation absorbed. Following absorption, the iodide is distributed primarily within the extracellular fluid of the body. Neuer, christian henke and elmar jacobs innoriid gmbh. Learn more about ortecs 905 series naiti scintillation radiation detector and its capabilities.
Hpge detectors have a 2030x improvement in resolution as compared to that of. Larger nai detectors up to 1 inch thick and energy compensated gm detectors are used to monitor for higher energy emitters such as chromium cr51. Aug 29, 2018 sodium iodide is an iodide salt that is formed into an injectable medicine. Iodide is readily absorbed from the gi tract and distributes freely into the extracellular fluid and glandular secretions. Potassium iodide revision date 29oct2018 y2 indicates an exempt polymer that is a polyester and is made only from reactants included in a specified list of low concern reactants that comprises one of the eligibility criteria for the exemption rule. The high atomic number of iodine z 3 53 and high density of detector 3. Received 19 april 1972 the response of sodium iodide detectors to gamma rays has been calculated by a method that takes into account the mul tiple scattering and escape from the detector of. Gammaray interactions with matter 29 a much lower fraction of incident gamma radiation than does a similar thickness of aluminum or steel. Sodium iodide is a source of iodine and can be administered as a supplement for total parenteral nutrition but is more commonly used in veterinary medicine. Performance of sodium iodide, brillancetm350 and brillancetm380 for high count rate applications. Sodium iodide is used to treat or prevent iodine deficiency caused by. Sodium is the major cation of the extracellular fluid, constituting 90 to 95 per cent of all cations in the blood plasma and interstitial fluid. Warnings milk taken from treated animals during treatment and within 72 hours after the latest treatment with this drug must not be used in food. Product name sodium iodide thallium crystal product description clear or slight yellow solid, no odor.
Apr 17, 2018 sodium iodide i 123 is readily absorbed from the upper gastrointestinal tract. These detectors are kept cold in operation and once the. The amount of light that is produced is proportional to the energy deposited by the. The voltage of the signal produced is proportional to the energy of the detected gamma ray. The gammaray and xray photopeaks that are commonly used in the detection and quantification of these. Dissolve sodium iodide to 1% in strong lactic acid. Calibrate and perform quality control on the sodium iodide scintillation detector b. Vo 260 066 detector and detector systems for particle and.
The capsules are packaged in plastic vials containing 5, 10, or 15 capsules per vial. Thin endwindow nai detectors have been developed to detect low energy gammas emitted from iodine i125. The written name of this type of detector is usually shortened to naitl. Using pymgeo to create geometry for mcnp input files by. At ordinary temperature, nai 2h 2 o crystallizes from aqueous solutions. B48202, 50 extractions stable at 4 c for two years laboratory use only provided with kit. It is used mainly as a nutritional supplement and in organic chemistry. Gamma emission most isotopes used for gammaray measurements also have betaemissions in their decay schemes. Material safety data sheet page 1 of 2 sodium iodide. Under standard conditions, it is a white, watersoluble solid comprising a 1.
Sodium iodide detector free download as powerpoint presentation. Europium doped calcium fluoride is a low density scintillation crystal with a high light output. Caf2 eu is also used in phoswich scintillation detectors in combination with nai tl. Gammarays spectroscopy by using a thallium activated. Sodium iodide is an iodide salt that is formed into an injectable medicine. The ic method coupled with electrochemical detection allows for selective and sensitive determination of iodide in complex matrices. The naid unit is a nai detector specially designed for use in the measurement of uranium enrichment, and is used by the. Sodium iodide scintillator article about sodium iodide. Natriiradioiodidum, iodotope sodium iodide i 1 70 71 description. Scintillates are one of the oldest types of radiation detector because measurements could be made with photographic film.
Two spectra collected from the same source but using two different detectors are shown in fig. Geometry correction in efficiency of a sodium iodide. Radiolabelled compound, db09293, is used as a diagnostic tool to evaluate thyroid function and morphology. Hard gelatin capsules provided for the preparation of the sodium iodide i1 final dosage form contain approximately 300 mg of dibasic sodium phosphate anhydrous usp as the absorbing buffer. N energy resolution and efficiency where, the average value of full width at half maximum, fwhm, corresponds to the resolution of the high purity germanium hpge and sodium iodide nai tl detector. Safety data sheet according to 29cfr19101200 and ghs rev. Along with its needed effects, sodium iodide may cause some unwanted effects. Nai tl sodium iodide scintillation detectors berkeley. Dailymed sodium iodide i 123 capsule, gelatin coated.
Seltzer national bureau of standards, washington, d. Sodium iodide is a watersoluble ionic compound with a crystal lattice. First aid measures always seek professional medical attention after first aid measures are provided. Van vulpen university of amsterdam nikhef december, 20. Analytical methods radiation detectors commonly utilize sodium iodide nai, hyperpure germanium, and organic liquid scintillation detectors to measure the gamma rays and xrays emitted from 125i and 1i. In verbal conversations, it is typically simply called a sodium iodide detector. This detector, in which sodium iodide nai was used, was used for radiation measurements.
Insert a pledget of purified cotton in the upper portion of the test tube, and place a piece of moistened red litmus paper over. For scintillation counting, it is used either in its undoped form or doped with sodium or thallium. Pdf geometry correction in efficiency of a sodium iodide. Gamma spectroscopy physics 122 welcome to physics 122. Sodium iodide detector and photomultiplier tube with 1024 multichannel analyser.
Structure, properties, spectra, suppliers and links for. Basic principle of the scintillator scintillator ionizing radiation light visible, uv light sensor fig. The model 802 scintillation detector is a hermetically sealed assembly which includes a high resolution nai tl crystal, a photomultiplier tube, an internal magneticlight shield, an aluminum housing, and a 14pin connector. Scintillation means the production of small flashes of light. The infrared optical crystal is a principal part of the technology on which infrared gas analyzers are based. Forecasting the direction of incoming radiation based on fusion of gyroscopic and spectroscopic data marcus j. Persistence and degradability sodium iodide, acs 7681 82 5. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. This solution becomes brown over time, but the change does not alter its action. Ludlum 22412 radiation survey meter video transcipt.
Cover the dried stain use a heating plate with the solution, place the cover glass in position on top, and warm slowly until the solution is just about to boil under the cover glass for 5 minutes or until characteristic crystals appear. This high light output is largely due to the high quantum efficiency of the thallium ion, disadvantage rather slow 250 ns decay time. Sodium iodide 1 i solution is a clear colourless solution. Determination of iodide and iodate in soy and milkbased.
The vast majority of radiation detectors out there and virtually every detector used in general situations fall into one of these two families. The sodiumiodide cotransporter, also known as the sodiumiodide symporter nis, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the slc5a5 gene. Sodium iodide nai detectors are used to detect gamma emitting radioactive materials. Can a detector in livetime mode give a true count rate. Side effects requiring immediate medical attention. Sep 17, 2019 sodium iodide i 1 sodium iodide i 1 sodium iodide i 1 capsules capsules diagnostic capsules are supplied in a strength of 3. Efficiency of hpge detector and nai tl detector as function of energy.
The hpge detector system has poorer counting efficiency than a nai scintillator monitoring system. Sodium iodide definition of sodium iodide by the free. The attenuation coefficient in equation 21 is called the linear attenuation coefficient. A 2x2 inch sodium iodide nai detector will allow the user to identify the presence of cs7 at detector can identify cs7 at 500 nremhrsec. The ratio of the maximum count rates for any two detectors can then be considered as a measure of relative performance. However, the sodium iodide detector must be treating very carefully because its crystals are easy to break and hygroscopic. Sodium iodide definition of sodium iodide by medical dictionary. What radiation detection instrument do i choose to meet my.
Instrument operations and quality contro l a non imaging equipment, components and operation 1 perform and evaluate quality control on well counte rs and probes a. Forecasting the direction of incoming radiation based on. Toward simultaneous realtime fluoroscopic and nuclear. The cost of an hpge detector system is much higher than a sodium iodide nai scintillator monitoring system. Despite its deficiencies, the sodium iodide thalliumactivated detector remains one of the most versatile and sensitive detectors at our disposal. A better or smaller fwhm value resolution enables the system to more clearly separate the peaks within a spectrum. Cesium iodide scintillation material cesium iodide is a material with high.
Pdf isocs characterization of sodium iodide detectors. High purity germanium hpge is the only radiation detection technology that provides. Sodium iodide i 1 solution usp is designated chemically as na. Introduction pymgeo is a library that users can use to write python programs to generate geometry for mcnp input files. Efficiency and resolution of hpge and naitl detectors. At calibration time, each capsule has an activity of 3. Thanks to its low z value it is well suited for the detection of electrons beta particles with a high efficiency low backscatter fraction. Natrii radioiodidum, iodotopesodium iodide i 1 73 74 description.
Sodium iodide crystals have a very high luminescence scintillation efficiency and are available in a wide variety of sizes and geometries that makes it the most widely used scintillator. Isocs characterization of sodium iodide detectors for gammaray spectrometry conference paper pdf available november 2004 with 82 reads how we measure reads. Sodium iodide side effects, dosage, interactions drugs. Scintillation detectors are generally assumed to be linear. Salt also, like the cb omni, the cb omni flexs dual sodium iodide nai detector design ensures superior lateral uniformity during analysis. Sodium iodide i 1 capsule usp diagnostic oral is available in 100 mci at time of calibration other activities of 2. Usda ohsec radiation safety division instrumentation. Immediately flush eyes with excess water for 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper eyelids occasionally.
Vlado valkovic, in radioactivity in the environment second edition, 2019. The ludlum 22412 includes a side mounted check source and two probes. Unlike znsag, sodium iodide crystals can be grown relatively large and machined into varying shapes and sizes. Fundamentals of scintillation counting sciencedirect. Detection efficiency of a detector system depends on different parameters and thus various kinds of the efficiency definitions are used to cover those parameters. Limit of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia add 5 ml of 1 n sodium hydroxide and about 200 mg of aluminum wire to a solution of 1. Chemtrec 8004249300 outside usa 7035273887 health hazard information twa ceiling exposure limits. There are drawbacks to lanthanum halide detectors, however. Response functions for sodium iodide scintillation detectors. The direct synthesis and purification of sodium iodide james russell johnson iowa state university follow this and additional works at. Geometry correction in efficiency of a sodium iodide thallium activated, naitl detector article pdf available in advances in applied science research 41. For the cadmium telluride cdte semiconductor detector system. There are two fundamental families of detectors the gasfilled detectors i wrote about the last time, and the scintillation detectors, of which the sodium iodide abbreviated nai is one.
This research investigates the basic properties of. Hicon sodium iodide i1 dosing, indications, interactions. Chapter 4 scintillation detectors mcmaster university. Why high purity germanium hpge radiation detection. Sodium iodide material safety data sheet integra chemical company 1216 6th ave n kent wa 98032 phone. Measurement of mass attenuation coefficients by sili, naitl and cdtl detectors. Sodium iodide is used to treat or prevent iodine deficiency caused by poor nutrition or poor absorption by the body. Sodium iodide detectors are wellsuited for detection of photon radiation.
It is trapped and organically bound by the thyroid and concentrated by the stomach, choroid plexus and salivary glands. Performing the ep straylight test with potassium chloride. Thalliumdoped sodium iodide naitl has two principal advantages. The principle component in the scintillation detector is a tl doped sodium iodide crystal nai. Sodium iodide chemical formula nai is an ionic compound formed from the chemical reaction of sodium metal and iodine. The direct synthesis and purification of sodium iodide. Highlevel measurements are made with ion chambers, pressurized ion chambers, or geiger mueller gm detectors. The in vivo effects of iodides against fungal cells are not well understood.
Sodium iodide is obtained by means of an exchange reaction between fe 3 i 8 and na 2 co 3 and is used for medicinal purposes as an iodine preparation. Sodium iodide packaging bimeda mtc animal health, inc. Hicon kit for the preparation of sodium iodide i 1. The performance of naitl scintillation detectors for determining the decay rate of radioactive sources in a modulation experiment. For example, in the case of thallium doped sodium iodide naitl, the light output is 40,000 photons per mev deposited energy. Semiconductor detectors are playing an increasing role in nuclear medicine, but the statistics of counting in clinical situations remains the major problem in nuclear medicine. Sodium and potassium iodide have both been used to treat selected bacterial, actinomycete, and fungal infections, although sodium iodide is preferred. Detection efficiency of naitl detector in 51132 kev. The user should keep in mind that all 3 filters are only approaches to the ideal test filter. Energycompensated sodium iodide detectors may also be crosscalibrated for assessment of exposure rates. Sodium iodide, scintillator, dark matter, anais, light yield, photoelectron yield pacs.
Storage box for radioactive sources and sealed isotope store. Sodium iodide article about sodium iodide by the free. Fisher scientific 1 reagent lane fair lawn, nj 07410 for information, call. In 1924, trace amounts of iodine in form of sodium iodide, potassium iodide or potassium iodate were first added, creating iodized salt to reduce the incidence of simple goiter. In usda, such instruments are usually gm detectors and sodium iodide detectors.
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